Arts and culture education: just what do we need?

Last month Abu Dhabi hosted the UNESCO World Conference on Culture and Arts Education, a three-day beanfeast for around 1,000 culture and education stakeholders from around the world – including 90 ministers of education and/or culture and 125 other representatives of UNESCO Member States, along with experts, policymakers and lobbyists from NGOs, UN agencies, academia and the private sector. They were all in town to discuss and then adopt a ‘Framework on Culture and Arts Education’ that could apply universally.

Therein lies the problem, of course – the goals and delivery systems for education in general differ widely from one country to another. So while the final communiqué outlining said framework is pretty anodyne (see below), the real value of conferences like this is to be found in the breakouts and the informal discussions where experience and best practice can be exchanged.

The conference’s programme did have seven themes which suggests the broad direction of travel, though. ‘Equitable access to culture and arts education’ was the goes-without-saying biggie, but then several societies (a number UNESCO member states among them) could be accused of not delivering just or even-handed access to many aspects of social and political life.

The other themes also beg a few questions. ‘Quality and relevant lifelong and life-wide learning in and through cultural diversity’; ‘skills to shape resilient, just and sustainable futures’; and ‘institutionalisation and valorisation of culture and arts education ecosystems’ all seem highly commendable and difficult to deliver, though these are activities amenable to shared best practice. ‘Culture and arts education through digital technologies and artificial intelligence’ is very specific and should be more attainable; ‘monitoring, researching and data’ should also be doable without debate.

The last one, ‘partnerships and financing in support of culture and arts education’, is an elephant in the room – how to pay for it all. The implication is that the state shouldn’t be the sole supplier of the cash required, which puts the onus on philanthropy, commercial relationships, and other spinoffs from market capitalism. None of this was mentioned in the report that the conference produced, of course.

We may yet see some actual recommendations on policies and creative practices, but there’s no guarantee that all attendees would feel willing or able to sign up to every specific that emerges. So right now we have to make do with that Final Draft of the Framework.

This is hard work to read (it could do with a good editor and fewer words) and some of it comes across like ChatGPT trying to shoehorn every possible cultural platitude into a statement that only the barbarous could argue with. Try this, for instance:

“Education must be democratized, foster critical views and support the struggle against colonialism and neo-colonialism in all their forms and manifestations, and be free from stereotypes, bias and prejudice, based on the respect for the diversity of learners, and entails countering hierarchy between cultures, cultural practices, arts disciplines or expressions towards more inclusive and pluralist societies … Education must, therefore, provide diverse, inclusive and flexible, inter-, multi- and transdisciplinary approaches and methods to deliver culture and arts education of quality that contributes to addressing stigma, xenophobia, hate speech, disinformation, misinformation and discrimination. This includes enhancing the knowledge and the appreciation of cultural diversity, human rights, intercultural understanding and respect, social cohesion, conflict prevention, and post-conflict reconciliation and healing through culture and the arts …”

There’s also some evidence of special pleading. This collision of possible competing goals reads like a classic committee compromise: “education systems should harness the potential of culture and arts education to strengthen civic engagement and democratic participation, improve other subject learning and develop creativity and the ability to innovate, such as through a Science, Technology, Engineering, the Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) approach, reinforcing writing, reading and speaking skills, and nurturing social and emotional skills …”

Other key takeaways from the Framework report, in brief:

  • Access, inclusion, and equity in and through culture and arts education are strategic goals. Education should encompass context and content-relevant perspectives (traditions, indigenous knowledge) while fostering global citizenship (environmental awareness, appreciation of cultural diversity. Culture and the arts should anchor place-based education and a stronger connection between learners’ communities and environments. (Indeed, the emphasis on local knowledge and cultural traditions runs through the Framework almost as a riposte to the idea that cultural and artistic creativity cuts across boundaries …)
  • At the same time culture is constantly evolving, and provides a critical space for interactions and exchanges that contribute to the vitality and diversity of societies. Education should fully leverage culture and the arts to nurture creativity, critical thinking and innovation. (No mention of a culture SDG here – more on this down the page.)
  • Culture and the arts should have a prominent space in the curricula and adequate resources in teaching. Hooray! There’s one specific here in proposing “the certification of cultural and artistic skills and competencies for cultural professionals and practitioners working as educators”. Another recommendation: “a holistic system of formal and non-formal learning” that broadens participation in planning and delivery across both institutional and informal “learning spaces and actors”. A great idea, in theory …
  • Transform governance and policies for culture and arts education through formal mechanisms of cooperation between all relevant ministries (and not just culture and education). Seems logical enough …
  • Improve the “professionalization” of culture and arts via vocational education and training to support access to work, especially in the cultural and creative industries.
  • Broaden the meaning and use of learning spaces beyond schools and colleges. This implies additional delivery mechanisms such as learning-by-doing, mentorships and internships.
  • Diversify the teaching profession to ensure that it reflects a rich cultural diversity, revise teacher education to ensure it includes culture and arts, improve their status and working conditions, and “increase investment to address shortages of qualified teachers … and to provide quality teacher education …” Good luck with that one.
  • Support the effective use of digital technologies for culture and arts education in the digital era, including the provision of infrastructure, content, and appropriate skills. The flavour du jour, AI, gets a particular mention here, both for opportunities and risks.
  • Innovate and expand partnerships and “coordination mechanisms” and “develop financial and other in-kind mechanisms for the design and implementation of revised culture and arts education policies, encompassing the revision of curricula, pedagogies and frameworks”. No, us neither.
  • Strengthen and/or develop mechanisms for research, data collection, and analysis to support “policy-making, implementation, evaluation, dissemination, and advocacy” for culture and arts education. Sure, let’s do it.

Some of the delegates stayed on for the Culture Summit Abu Dhabi at the end of the month, which included a meeting of culture ministers from a dozen countries under the umbrella of the inaugural Mondiacult Ministerial Dialogue (above). This isn’t the same as the full Mondiacult conference, which is more properly the Unesco World Conference on Cultural Policies and Sustainable Development; that can claim to be the world’s most important cultural policy gathering, and it last took place in Mexico City in 2022.

Mondiacult is important because it’s a decision-making meeting that helps shape the world’s cultural policies and especially the relationship between culture and development. Clearly there’s some crossover here with the Abu Dhabi conference on culture and education; but Mondiacult does have a very specific goal, and it’s one that was restated by the participants in the Ministerial Dialogue – to get culture recognised as one of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals.

This is actionable and attainable. It also makes sense; at one level, arts and culture can provide economic value. And more broadly, culture aids SDGs in areas like health, education and the environment; local customs and traditional knowledge are relevant in promoting health programmes, local and traditional products are useful for sustainable production, and so on.

So Mondiacult 2022’s final declaration, reiterated by the Mondiacult Ministerial Dialogue last month, called for culture to be recognised as “a global public good” and to be integrated “as a specific goal in its own right in the development agenda beyond 2030”.

If the UN adopts this, the sustainable development agenda post-2030 will change how development agencies and funders deal with culture and how the relationship between culture and development is understood. The result could/should be a greater emphasis on culture and the arts, and that could/should translate into more appreciation and more funding.

The next stop on the UN conference round is where this might all play out, the Summit of the Future to be held next September. It’s stated aim is to get some unanimity on how the much-documented agendas and aspirations of the UN can be delivered, and a change to the SDGs to include culture could well be part of that.

The Final Draft of the global Framework for Culture and Arts Education is available for download here.


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